Burundi: En bref ce 20 AVRIL 2006 ...

LE MINISTERE EN CHARGE DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION DEPLORE L'INCIDENT SURVENU ENTRE LES JOURNALISTES ET LES FORCES DE L'ORDRE
Bujumbura, le 19 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-Dans un communiqué de presse rendu public le 18 avril 2006, le ministère de l'information, de la communication et des relations avec le parlement déplore l'incident survenu le 17 avril 2006 entre les journalistes et les services de l'ordre à la résidence de l'honorable Mathias Basabose. Le ministère réitère la volonté du gouvernement de continuer à faire valoir le respect des valeurs universelles de la libre expression et de la liberté de la presse, tout en rappelant que ces valeurs devront s'exercer loin des sollicitations politiciennes qui veulent utiliser cette ouverture pour faire apparaître ce que l'on avait tristement appelé dans la sous-région "les médias de la haine". Le ministère recommande enfin au Conseil National de la Communication (CNC) de s'y investir pour servir d'arbitre entre les responsables des médias et l'autorité publique, pour qu'une enquête soit engagée dans le but de dégager les responsabilités dans cette affaire.

REACTIONS D'INDIGNATION APRES LA SEQUESTRATION D'UNE TRENTAINE DE JOURNALISTES AU DOMICILE DU PARLEMENTAIRE MATHIAS BASABOSE
Bujumbura, le 19 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-Comme rapporté dans notre livraison du 18 avril 2006, une trentaine de journalistes burundais de la presse publique et privée ont été séquestrés pendant près de huit heures au domicile du parlementaire Mathias Basabose récemment exclu du parti CNDD-FDD. Tout a commencé par une conférence de presse animée par ce député. Il s'exprimait sur la manière dont il a été exclu du parti, il s'exprimait également sur les divergences qui l'opposent aux plus hauts responsables du parti au pouvoir. Trois journalistes dont deux dames Jeannine Nahigombeye et Chantal Gatore ont été brutalisées par certains éléments de la police nationale qui avaient ceinturé la maison de Basabose. Un des policiers a failli même tirer sur un journaliste du nom de Charles Nshimiye. L'on ne sait toujours pas l'autorité qui a donné l'ordre à la police pour qu'elle aille ceinturé les bâtiments du député Basabose. La porte-parole du chef de l'Etat madame Hafsa Mossi s'est montrée indignée sur la façon dont l'incident s'est produit, elle a indiqué que les policiers qui étaient sur les lieux de l'incident n'étaient pas envoyés par le chef de l'Etat. Selon elle il faut mener des enquêtes pour que les personnes qui sont coupables soient punies conformément à la loi. D'autres réactions d'indignation ont été également enregistrées notamment celle de l'Opération des Nations Unies au Burundi, de la ligue des droits de l'homme ITEKA, de l'Association des Femmes Journalistes (AFJO), de l'Association Burundaise des Journalistes (ABJ) et de l'Observatoire de la Presse du Burundi (OPB). Toutes ces associations relèvent que cette pratique d'un autre âge procédant par intimidation est l'ennemi d'une presse libre, et partant la dénégation elle même de la démocratie.

LE CNC S'ENGAGE A MENER DES INVESTIGATIONS SUR L'INCIDENT SURVENU CHEZ LE PARLEMENTAIRE MATHIAS BASABOSE
Bujumbura, le 19 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-Au lendemain de la séquestration d'une trentaine de journalistes burundais qui participaient à la conférence de presse animée le 17 avril 2006 par l'honorable Mathias Basabose, le Conseil National de la Communication a rendu public une déclaration dans laquelle il déplore toutes les brutalités physiques, verbales et morales ayant sanctionné cet incident. Même si le CNC ignore les mobiles du comportement des forces de l'ordre, force est de constater selon le communiqué qu'un comportement pareil est une entrave à la recherche et à l'équilibre de l'information. Enfin le communiqué indique qu'après avoir consulté les responsables des différents médias, le CNC s'engage à mener des investigations pour en savoir plus et dégager les différentes responsabilités.

LE MINISTRE DES RELATIONS EXTERIEURES RENCONTRE LES DIPLOMATES ACCREDITES A BUJUMBURA
Bujumbura, le 20 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-La ministre des relations extérieures et de la coopération madame Clotilde Batumubwira a rencontré le 19 avril 2006 à l'hôtel source du Nil de Bujumbura, les membres du corps diplomatique accrédités au Burundi. Il était question d'échanger sur les négociations avec le FNL/Palipehutu, de l'opération de désarmement de la population civile, et de la récente séquestration des journalistes au domicile du parlementaire Mathias Basabose. Au sujet du désarmement de la population, le chef de la diplomatie burundaise a demandé l'appui de la communauté internationale en vue d'accomplir efficacement toutes les activités y relatives. Enfin les participants à la réunion ont déploré le harcèlement et l'intimidation des journalistes par des éléments de la police nationale en date du 17 avril 2006.

LA DELEGATION DU GOUVERNEMENT ATTEND L'INVITATION DU GOUVERNEMENT DE TANZANIE POUR SE RENDRE A DAR-ES-SALAAM EN VUE DE NEGOCIER AVEC LE MOUVEMENT REBELLE FNL-PALIPEHUTU
Bujumbura, le 19 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-La délégation du gouvernement du Burundi n'a pas pu se rende ce lundi 17 avril 2006 à Dar-es-salaam en Tanzanie en vue de négocier avec le mouvement rebelle FNL/Palipehutu et cela parce que le gouvernement tanzanien a laissé entendre qu'il continue les préparatifs de ces négociations du gouvernement du Burundi avec le mouvement rebelle FNL/Palipehutu. Les reporters de la radio nationale du Burundi ont interrogé le chef du protocole d'Etat monsieur l'ambassadeur Salvator Ntacobamaze qui fait partie de la délégation gouvernementale ce mercredi 19 avril 2006 et celui-ci a déclaré que la raison de l'absence de la délégation gouvernementale à Dar-es-salaam est que le gouvernement de Tanzanie n'a pas encore envoyé l'invitation au gouvernement du Burundi et que la délégation du gouvernement du Burundi attend à tout moment l'invitation du gouvernement tanzanien pour se rendre sans délais à Dar-es-salaam en Tanzanie en vue de commencer les négociations du gouvernement du Burundi avec le mouvement rebelle FNL/Palipehutu.

LE PREMIER VICE-PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE RECOIT EN AUDIENCE L'ASSISTANT SPECIAL DU PRESIDENT GEORGES BUSH POUR L'AFRIQUE
Bujumbura, le 20 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-Le premier vice-président de la République du Burundi, le docteur Martin Nduwimana a reçu en audience ce mercredi 19 avril 2006 dans la matinée, une délégation gouvernementale des Etats-Unis d'Amérique conduite par l'assistant spécial du président Georges Bush pour l'Afrique, madame Sindi Courville. La délégation a expliqué à la presse qu'elle est vue au Burundi à la suite de l'étape franchie par le Burundi dans le processus démocratique. Le chef de la délégation du gouvernement américain madame Sindi qui a été également reçue par la présidente de l'assemblée nationale Immaculée Nahayo a déclaré à la presse à l'issue de l'audience que le gouvernement des Etats Unis d'Amérique va relancer la coopération vers le Burundi dans les domaines de la démocratie, de la justice et du développement.

Burundi: Talks between Government and rebel group postponed
Wed. April 19, 2006 Apunyu Bonny

(SomaliNet) The head of Burundian government's negotiation team said Wednesday that talks between the government and the country's only active rebel movement, Forces nationales de liberation (FNL) that had been scheduled to take place in Tanzania on Monday have been called off. IRIN Reports.

"The members of the team are on standby and could leave at any time for Dar es Salaam," Salvator Ntacobamaze, head of the government negotiating team, said in the capital, Bujumbura.

Ntacobamaze, a former Burundi interior minister said his team was on the way to Bujumbura airport on Monday to board a plane to the venue of the talks, Tanzania's commercial capital Dar es Salaam, when he received a call from an official in the Tanzania government asking him to cancel the trip.

However, Ntacobamaze denied reports that the Burundi government was boycotting the talks. He said that Tanzania's ambassador to Burundi had informed him that arrangements for the talks would be finalised in the coming days and could take place by the end of this week.

Mean while, a delegation representing the rebel Forces Nationales de Liberation (FNL) has been in Dar es Salaam since mid-March waiting for the talks to begin. FNL leader Agathon Rwasa who recently agreed to the talks although he insists on face-to-face negotiations with Burundian President Pierre Nkurunziza heads it.

Ntacobamaze said that if Rwasa refuses to negotiate with the government team, "we will listen to his views and report them to the head of state".

The FNL is spilt into two factions, one led by Rwasa and other by Jean Bosco Sindayigaya. A member of the government delegation, Brig-Gen Silas Ntigurirwa said on Monday that the government delegation would be willing to listen to both factions. The FNL's stronghold is in Bujumbura Rural and Bubanza provinces near the porous border with the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

The Congolese army on Monday handed FNL combatants based in eastern Congo over to the Burundian army.

Mean while, Burundi has previously accused the DRC of harbouring FNL fighters and welcomed the Congolese action.

"This is a good sign that Congo authorities want to collaborate with Burundi," said army spokesman Maj Adolphe Manirakiza during the handover.

LE CONFLIT SOCIAL AU COMPLEXE TEXTILE DU BURUNDDI SE PARTICULARISE ENTRE LE DIRECTEUR GENERAL MELCHIOR WAGARA ET LE SYNDICALISTE RAPHAEL HORUMPENDE
Bujumbura, le 20 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-Les relations du travail entre le directeur général du Complexe Textile du Burundi, COTEBU en sigle, monsieur Melchior Wagara et son conseiller monsieur Raphaël Horumpende ne sont pas saines et pour cause le directeur général monsieur Wagara a demandé au procureur en mairie de Bujumbura d'arrêter monsieur Horumpende qui a la qualité de syndicaliste du COTEBU. Le directeur général du COTEBU accuse Horumpende de menacer la sécurité des cadres de l'entreprise COTEBU et cela parce que la police sur la requête de monsieur Melchior Wagara a découvert trois chargeurs vides dans un des tiroirs de l'armoire se trouvant dans le bureau de Raphaël Horumpende. Celui-ci a nié d'être propriétaire de ces chargeurs et a indiqué qu'il ne dispose pas de clefs de son bureau et qu'il y a toujours un portier qui ouvre et ferme le bureau partagé pour l'instant par deux conseillers à la direction générale dont Raphaël Horumpende, ce dernier ajoute que c'est une raison montée pour le faire renvoyer du COTEBU parce que le portier ne l'a jamais vu entrer avec une arme à son bureau de travail. Il faudrait préciser que le conflit social au COTEBU lié aux difficultés de trésorerie de l'entreprise, a particularisé depuis longtemps les relations tendues entre le directeur général du COTEBU, monsieur Melchior Wagara et le conseiller à la direction générale, monsieur Raphaël Horumpende.

LA COMPAGNIE DE GERANCE DU COTON ACCEPTE DE FOURNIR DU COTON AU COMPLEXE TEXTILE DU BURUNDI
Bujumbura, le 20 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-La Compagnie de Gérance du Coton, CORERCO en sigle a accepté de continuer de fournir du coton au Complexe Textile du Burundi, COTEBU qui avait des difficultés de trésorerie depuis une certaine période, au point que le COTEBU n'a pas pu rembourser les deux cent millions de francs Burundais que l'entreprise doit à la COGERCO. Les deux entreprises ont signé un nouveau contrat ce vendredi 14 avril 2006, qui établit que la COGERCO va fournir du coton au COTEBU. Le directeur général du COGERCO, monsieur Léopold Manirakiza a précisé à la presse ce mercredi 19 avril 2006 que la COGERCO va fournir soixante mille tonnes de coton au COTEBU et au cas où le COTEBU n'arriverait pas à payer la livraison de sa matière première, la COGERCO va suspendre sa livraison pour vendre aux autres demandeurs.

LA PENURIE DU SUCRE ENTRAINE L'EMPRISONNEMENT DU DIRECTEUR GENERAL DE LA SOSUMO POUR DES RAISONS D'ENQUETE A L'ATTEINTE AU BON FONCTIONNEMENT DE L'ECONOMIE NATIONALE
Bujumbura, le 19 Avril 2006 (RTNB)-La pénurie du sucre produit par la Société Sucrière de Moso (SOSUMO) vient d'entraîner des conséquences d'emprisonnement à quatre personnes impliquées dans le commerce du sucre. La première personne qui a été emprisonnée est le commerçant détaillant Niyongere Anicet qui a été arrêté le 30 mars 2006. La deuxième personne à avoir subi le même sort est le commerçant grossiste Philippe Ntahiraja de Gitega qui a été emprisonné le 3 avril 2006. La troisième personne est le directeur commercial ad intérim de la SOSUMO, Sakaganwa Amédée qui a été arrêté le 14 avril 2006. La quatrième personne est le directeur général de la SOSUMO, Fyiroko Damien qui a été arrêté ce mardi 18 avril 2006. Toutes ces personnes impliquées dans le commerce du sucre SOSUMO ont été arrêté par le parquet de Gitega pour des raisons d'enquête sur l'atteinte au bon fonctionnement de l'économie nationale.

Rwanda - Uganda row expected to dominate Burundi Summit
New Times / Andnetwork .com / April 20, 2006

Debate about a new diplomatic impasse that erupted about three weeks ago between Rwanda and Uganda, is set to overshadow a regional ministerial meeting due to kick-off today in Bujumbura- Burundi with delegates attempting to find sustainable solutions to major differences between the two neighbouring countries.

The Joint Tripartite Plus Commission Summit, a regular gathering of foreign ministers from Rwanda, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Burundi, comes hot on the heels of Rwanda’s concerns that Rwandan dissidents are based and conduct their rebel activities from Uganda.
The meeting also comes days after the Ugandan government said it had commissioned an inquiry into Rwanda’s allegations that some of the rebel leaders carry Ugandan passports.
The US government is the facilitator of the annual meeting while the United Nations, African Union and European Union are observers.
Foreign minister Dr.Charles Murigande and Dr Richard Sezibera, the Presidential Special Envoy to the Great Lakes Region, will represent Rwanda, while Uganda’s delegation will be led by Foreign minister Sam Kutesa. The Rwandan delegation flew out for the meeting yesterday evening.
It is the first time that senior Rwandan and Ugandan government officials are meeting following the resumption of political disagreements between the two countries, three weeks ago.
The standoff was sparked off by Uganda’s arrest of John Ngarambe, the First Secretary at the Rwandan embassy in Kampala on the night of April 1, following an alleged adulterous incident with a married woman in a hotel room at Lake Victoria Windsor Hotel.
Also, Murigande said last week that some Kampala officials are collaborating with the Rwandan rebels, most of them members of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), whose leader Dr Ignace Murwanashyaka was arrested in Germany on April 7.
However, contacted on Wednesday, April 19, Murigande declined to discuss concerns that Rwanda would raise during the meeting.
He said he had not received the agenda. “Wait until we finish the meeting, otherwise our going (for the meeting) would be meaningless if we started
pre-empting what we are going to present through the media,” he said.
But in an interview last week, Murigande hinted that Rwanda’s delegation would table its complaints against Uganda. He said then: “We shall just table these unfortunate facts and hope that we shall come out of the meeting with a new resolve to address them.”
Asked whether Rwanda would raise the issue of the FDLR dissidents’ possession of Ugandan passports, Ambassador Sezibera said: “We will discuss all security - related issues including that.”
Uganda’s internal affairs minister Dr Ruhakana Rugunda told The New Times on Monday, that the probe findings into the passport saga would be known before the week runs out.
The previous Joint Tripartite Plus Commission meeting was held in Kampala during which Burundi joined the forum.
Uganda’s State Minister for Defence, Ruth Nankabirwa said the meeting would seek to address security threats in the region.
“The meeting is a follow up to another one that occurred here (in Kampala) some time back. It will largely dwell on security in the region and looking at how we can harmonise our security relations,” she said.
She said delegates would also discuss how to deal with the threat posed by rebels operating in the DRC. All the four participating countries say eastern DRC has continued to be a haven for rebels fighting them, with the major rebel outfit being FLDR. The rebel force is largely composed of remnants of the defunct Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) and Interahamwe militia, largely responsible for the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda.
The Joint Tripartite Plus Commission was created specifically to solve continued security challenges in the region. However, despite its existence and many other regional mechanisms, little has been achieved.

Rwanda: Justice Ministry in New Penal Code Consultations
The New Times (Kigali) April 18, 2006 Felly Kimenyi Kigali

The Ministry of Justice has begun consulting the public draft of a new Penal Code. According to Johnston Busingye, the Secretary General in the justice ministry, there were a lot of legal inconsistencies that evolved as a result of the obsolete Code."There is really a big time - frame and a lot of things have changed and this prompted us to come up with a draft... we are seeking comments from the public and after this, a final draft will be compiled which will be presented to the Cabinet and later to the Legislature," Busingye, told The New Times.

"Because of its (Code) importance, the process will be expedited but with precision," Busingye underscored, adding that the Code would be produced in the three official languages.

"English will definitely be included in this new Code," Busingye said. Other languages in use in Rwanda are French and Kinyarwanda.

Busingye also disclosed that deliberations on the possibility of waiving of the death penalty for some of the suspects currently being held at the ICTR Detention Facility in Arusha, will be made.

Hitherto, the transfer of detainees from Arusha has been hampered by the death penalty, which is not in tandem with the provisions by the UN under whose mandate they are detained.

The head of Military Prosecution, Maj. Christopher Bizimungu, highlighted the necessity to change the Military Penal Code to include more strict provisions against misuse of military communication gadgets.

"Of recent, we are concerned about people who might misuse military communication gadgets especially during times of war; this was not a criminal offence but an act of indiscipline which earned the offender a small penalty," Bizimungu, the head of Military Prosecution, told the participants.

Another Military Prosecutor, Capt. Kayijuka Ngabo said that some of the major elements to be included in the new Code will pave way for legal action to be taken against Information Communication Technology (ICT) offences. This provision, he said, was not in place in 1977, when the Code that is in force was enacted.

In the proposed Code, the military also wants the act of negligence while on duty to be criminalized.

ANGOLA

Angola: National Electoral Commission open to cooperate with government

April 19, 2006 Source: Angola Press By Andnetwork .com

The Chairman of the National Electoral Commission (CNE), Caetano de Sousa, has said that his institution is ready to cooperate with Angolan Government in the process of mobilisation and civic education.

This was announced on the "Manha Informative" programme of the State-owned "Radio Nacional de Angola" broadcasting station.

He stated on the occasion that mobilization and civic education on electoral registration is a Government`s task, including voters registration.

"Should, naturally the Government need and request the services of the CNE for the process of electoral civic education, we will have no problems in actively participating, but we are to say that registration is a Government`s task," said Caetano de Sousa.

To him, besides education, the first phase of the process will start with electoral registration and at the moment, the CNE is more concerned about training, until reaching a satisfactory staff for the implementation of registration.

Commenting on the relation with the Inter-Ministerial Commission for Electoral Process, co-ordinated by the minister of Territory Administration, Virgilio Fontes Pereira, he admitted there is a good relationship, as there are permanent contacts between the two institutions.

Caetano de Sousa explained that for transparency, CNE has answered all questions addressed to it in order to inform the citizens on the work being done towards next general elections in Angola.

Angola: Police joins the anti-cholera effort
Wed. April 19, 2006 Kizza Hajarah

(SomaliNet) With the increasing number of Angolan cholera victims, police in Angola has joined the "no cholera in Angola struggle." Speaking on behalf of Angola's police, Carmo Neto, the spokesperson for Angola's police unit said, "We are determined to give our support to sanitation authorities to fight cholera."

The World Health Organisation (WHO) puts the number of cholera related deaths in Angola at 570. The first case of cholera in Angola was reported on February 13th.

Angola suffers from poor sanitation and non-availability of drinking water. Scientists agree that these lead to cholera outbreaks and deaths.

Everything possible is being done to rid Angola of cholera.

Angola Targets Production of 10M Cts in 2006

By Jeanette Goldman

(Rapaport...April 20, 2006) Angola doubled its diamond production to seven million carats in 2005 and unparalleled growth is expected in 2006, reported Reuters.

In an interview with Reuters on April 18, Angola diamond company Endiama communications director, Sebastiao Panzo, predicted that the country’s diamond production will reach 10 million carats by December 2006.

"In the last three years we have consolidated government control over sites previously held by (former rebel movement) UNITA -- because we must guarantee security first.” Panzo said. "We are going beyond traditional places of exploration after 89 years in the Lundas. Bie and Malange provinces both hold particular promise." Angola is prospecting there and is evaluating the results, Panzo said.

Angola is boosting output in areas already producing such as Catoca, the country's largest diamond mine. Production at Catoca is expected to double to 8 million carats in 2006 and a second processing plant has already been opened, according to Reuters. Additionally, Endiama plans to diversify beyond production such as cutting and polishing and the state diamond company hopes to open jewelry stores in the near future.

"We want to dominate the entire circuit -- prospecting, exploration, production, cutting and jewelry. So cutting is just a phase to get into the jewelry industry locally,” said Panzo. Angola is already in discussions with global companies regarding the opening of jewelry stores, he added.

UGANDA

Uganda: UPC Salutes Resettlement of Displaced People
The Monitor (Kampala) April 20, 2006 Evelyn Lirri Kampala

THE Uganda Peoples Congress has welcomed the government's move to return thousands of internally displaced persons back to their villages.

The party President, Ms Miria Obote, however, warned that the resettlement should be adequately addressed correctly, "because it could undermine the whole process and lead to other forms of disasters.

"UPC welcomes the decision to close the IDP camps and resettle the affected Ugandans to their former homes,"' Miria said.

This was during the weekly party press briefing at the party headquarters at Uganda House in Kampala yesterday.

Miria said to effectively implement the resettlement exercise, the government should create an autonomous resettlement and rehabilitation commission to manage and oversee the exercise.

Involve stakeholders

She said members of the commission should be drawn from all stakeholders including the government, opposition political parties, civil society, religious and leaders from the affected region.

On Sunday, the army announced that IDPs would start returning to their homes this week, after 20 years of living in camps under squalid conditions.

The announcement, however, drew a mixed reaction.

Area MPs strongly opposed the move, relief agencies urged caution while some of the affected IDPs said they won't return unless their security is guaranteed.

Currently an estimated 1.6 million people have been internally displaced as a result of the Joseph Kony led insurgency in the northern region.

According to the army, the resettlement exercise would begin with displaced persons in the Lango and Teso sub-regions.

Acholi region not safe

Army spokesman Maj. Felix Kulayigye, said the resettlement would not extend to the Acholi sub region because "there are a few rebel remnants."

However, UPC said it is not convinced by the reasons given by the army for the non-closure of IDP camps in the Acholi sub- region. "Time and again we have been told that the war is over and that there are only few rebel remnants. Why can't the UPDF offer adequate security to the people of Acholi in the villages?" Miria asked.

"UPC suspects there are hidden motives by the government not to close the Acholi camps"

She said: "It appears the government wants to continue punishing the Acholi people for leading the opposition against the NRM government. This discrimination against the people of Acholi must stop."

Miria said because the camps in the Acholi sub-region are the most dehumanising, they should be closed as a matter of priority, saying the affected people have suffered for too long.

Uganda to deport Congolese militias: official

Source: Xinhua April 19, 2006

Ugandan Minister of State for Defense Ruth Nankabirwa has stated that the government is to deport 10 Congolese militias who were recently arrested in Kampala.

Nankabirwa was quoted by state owned New Vision daily as saying on Wednesday the militias will be handed over to the Congolese authorities at the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)-Uganda border.

She said the two neighboring countries will discuss the issue of the militias at the Joint Tripartite meeting due to be held in Bujumbura, capital of Burundi, on April 21, which will be attended by the DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda.

Ugandan Minister of Foreign Affairs Sam Kuteesa said the two countries will iron out their difference at the Bujumbura meeting, which is expected to address regional security threats and diplomatic disagreements.

Those to be deported include the Congolese Revolutionary Movement (MRC) top officers. Most of the 10 arrested rebels belong to the MRC based in Ituri in the eastern DRC.

DRC Foreign Minister Ramazani Baya lauded Uganda for the arrests last week, saying they demonstrated a positive change of the Ugandan government's attitude toward the Ituri militia groups.

Relations between the two countries have been in the balance as they accused of harboring each other's rebels.

Sources said two refugee leaders in Kyaka II refugee camp in Kyenjojo, western Uganda who had formed another militia, were arrested on Monday for recruiting Congolese refugees there.

Uganda calls for UN support to neutralize insurgents

Source: Xinhua April 20, 2006

Uganda urged the UN Security Council on Wednesday to support strong measures to hunt down, disarm and prosecute the rebel Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), notorious for conscripting and sexually abusing children in northern Uganda and its neighboring countries.

Addressing an open council meeting, Ugandan Defense Minister Amama Mbabazi called for a mandate for UN peacekeeping forces in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and southern Sudan to forcefully disarm the LRA in the countries of their responsibility, where the group has been operating as well as in Uganda.

He also proposed an arrangement with the DRC, similar to the one Uganda had with Sudan in which the Ugandan army would be allowed to enter Congolese territory and hunt down LRA rebels under the close supervision of UN peacekeepers.

Mbabazi said Uganda hoped to arrest indicted LRA terrorist leaders and hand them over to the International Criminal Court ( ICC) in The Hague, the Netherlands.

The Ugandan government's crackdown has drastically weakened the LRA's strength of about 5,000 in 2002 to an estimated current strength of about 500, of whom only 120 to 150 were armed in 2005, Mbabazi said.

While he the group was "severely degraded and on the verge of defeat," he expressed extreme concern that it was slowly rebuilding its capacity in the DRC's Garambe National Park and other areas.

The United Nations Children's Fund has estimated that over 20, 000 children have been abducted by the LRA, as many as 12,000 of them since 2002.

Uganda: State Witness Goes Missing

The Monitor (Kampala) April 20, 2006 Solomon Muyita & Hussein Bogere Kampala

THE treason trial of Dr Kizza Besigye yet again failed to take off yesterday with defence lawyers claiming that the state's star witness had actually fled the country though prosecution claimed she was sick.

"We have been reliably informed that the witness has been testifying under duress and she has fled the country," Mr John Matovu, one of the defence lawyers told High Court.

This is the third straight time the treason trial of Besigye and 22 others linked to the shadowy rebel Peoples' Redemption Army has failed to take place due to illness or absence of the state's star witness, Ms Jennifer Aryem. She claims to have connected Dr Besigye to the Joseph Kony's Lords Resistance Army rebels.

Yesterday the defence insisted Aryem had fled the country. A bemused Justice Vincent Kagaba said his Court has Aryem's passport, to which Matovu answered, "Our client fled the country without a passport," in reference to Dr Besigye's 2001 escape.

It's on the basis of this "interesting revelation" that Justice Vincent Kagaba ordered the State to produce Aryem in court within 24 hours, "in order to negate the defence's allegations."

Prosecution led by the deputy Director of Public Prosecution, Mr Simon Byabakama Mugenyi, was expected to produce Aryem yesterday for further cross-examination after the seven days court granted her to rest expired. However, the Judge was surprised when Byabakama announced that the witness was unable to make it.

"A few minutes ago, I received a message to the effect that PW1 (Prosecution Witness No. I Aryem) is unable to come and she is reported sick", Byabakama told court, saying he got the message from Police Officer Elly Womanya.

The judge quipped that Aryem's illness was becoming protracted.

But Byabakama argued that he considered the position of court on mixing up the record. However, defence's David Mpanga said, "It would appear that there is a certain reluctance on the part of the prosecution to accord the 23 men a fair and speedy trial," he said.

Mpanga compared Aryem to the clown in William Shakespeare's play, King Lear. "But he was being paid to amuse the King," the judge said.

Mpanga then prayed that court expunges Aryem's evidence from the record since it's clear that she is not ready to give further evidence, and that the trial must proceed. "The issue of time cannot be underestimated. The prosecution made their bed by the nature of the witnesses they want to call and they must lay in it. This trial shouldn't be reduced to a circus," Mpanga continued.

Another Besigye lawyer John Matovu urged court to compel prosecution to prove that police officer Womanya (who passed on the message that Aryem was sick) exists and whether or not he is competent enough to prove Aryem's inability to testify. He said the reasons prosecution gave to seek an adjournment were insufficient.

The arguments from both sides were degenerating into a joke, something that forced the judge to remind the prosecution that it should be vigilant with the case. "If we had a witness, we would proceed but now we are just lousing because you have denied us work."

He contemplated penalising the State for wasting court's time, but it was saved by the paltry amount (Shs3000) stated in the law. "It can only buy a glass of wine," Justice Kagaba observed. "It's not even enough to buy a bottle of wine, that's why you can afford it with impunity. Otherwise if it had four zeros after it, it would bite. If it were Shs3m, you would feel the pinch."

Last week, Besigye's lawyers told court Aryem that attended court wired with communication transmitters in her "mountainous headgear."

Mr Caleb Alaka argued that Aryem's wig and headgear are not about fashion - but are concealing an earpiece and a radio transmitter. "I think that's what has affected her hearing," he quipped.

Last Wednesday's court session failed to take off because Aryem said she was ill and that her doctor had referred her to Mulago Hospital's Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialist that morning. Aryem first complained of a painful ear and throat on Tuesday.

Alaka's claims created tension in the courtroom, but Justice Vincent Kagaba ruled out a body search on her in court. Instead he directed that she should undergo a thorough head to toe check by a lady police officer in the presence of a person representing the interest of the defence next time she reports to court.

He also ordered the witness to come to court through the entrance used by everyone, not the side access she has been using. Alaka said the witness was getting her answers from somewhere else during cross-examination.

Aryem, a wife of Col. Fearless Obwoya is the first state witness in the treason case against Besigye and 22 others.

Aryem turned 'sick' on April 11, a day after she underwent a grueling cross-examination - in which Besigye's attorneys exposed glaring gaps in her testimony against the retired Colonel.

Besigye and 22 others are charged with treason - an offence which attracts a maximum penalty of death on conviction. This is the second capital offence, Besigye, a retired colonel is facing, having been acquitted of the rape charge, earlier this year.

ADDITIONAL REPORTING BY SIRAJE K LUBWAMA, LYDIA MUKISA & LOMINDA AFEDRARU

21 dead in cholera outbreak in Tanzania

Ali Sultan | Zanzibar, Tanzania -- Sapa-AP 19 April 2006

A month long outbreak of cholera has killed 21 people and sickened 253 in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous Zanzibar archipelago, officials said on Wednesday.

Twelve people have died in the past four days and 115 others were taken to hospitals in Tanzania's commercial capital, Dar es Salaam, said city council spokesperson Gaston Makwembe.

Nine more people have died and 137 others have been sickened in the past month in this Indian Ocean archipelago off of the coast of Tanzania. Those infected were in special government camps designed to curb the disease, Zanzibar's Minister of Health Sultan Mugheiry said.

Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water and is linked to poor hygiene, overcrowding and bad sanitation. Symptoms include diarrhea and vomiting, which can kill unless treated quickly.

Last month, Zanzibar banned the sale of food and juice on the street and closed some local restaurants to stop the disease.

"We are confident that the situation is under control," Mugheiry said.

A 1997 outbreak killed 124 people and sickened 1 100 in Zanzibar, which has a population of one million.

Cholera erupted after heavy rains in the drought-hit region that has hurt farmers across East Africa, leading to severe food shortages in Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti.

Tanzania : 12 rushed to hospital after food poisoning

April 19, 2006, By ANDnetwork .com Source : Guardian

At least 21 people, most of them Members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives and visitors from Arusha were hospitalised in Zanzibar on Sunday evening after eating poisoned food at a tourist hotel on Easter Monday.

The director of management and information at the Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Dr Omar Mohamed Suleiman, confirmed yesterday that only one patient was still being treated at the hospital.

He told the press nine out of 21 people, who included members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives and guests from Arusha Wazee Sports Club, were admitted to Mnazi Mmoja Hospital and private health clinics (Imani and Marie Stoppes) in serious condition on Sunday.

’The 21 people, mainly members of the House, were rushed to the hospital after eating poisoned food on Sunday at Nungwi village, north of Zanzibar town,’ Dr Suleiman said.

According to the doctor, a team of health workers was immediately dispatched to the hotel to investigate the incident, but the cause of the food poisoning has yet to be made public.

An impeccable source told The Guardian that accumulated filth near the hotel attracts flies, which are major vectors of germs that cause diarrhoea problems.

About 100 people were in the hotel, but only 21 who ate the food were affected.

Zanzibar is in the grip of cholera, which Minister for Health, Sultan Mohamed Mugheiry said yesterday had killed at least nine people.

Notre compatriote, Me Brahima Koné, vient d’être désigné pour faire partie du premier lot des avocats constitués dans la première affaire qui doit être retenue par la Cour pénale internationale.

Dans cette affaire dénommée "Affaire du Littouri", une province de la République Démocratique du Congo, un chef rebelle de cette localité, Thomas Lubanga, pour avoir commis des massacres, a été arrêté puis transféré à la Haye pour être jugé par la Cour pénale internationale. Il est poursuivi pour "Crime contre l’humanité".
La FIDH qui s’est beaucoup battue dans cette affaire pour que les droits des victimes soient reconnus a finalement été récompensée. C’est cette organisation internationale de défense des droits de l’Homme qui vient de constituer une dizaine d’avocats africains dont notre compatriote Brahima Koné pour assurer la défense des victimes dans ce dossier auprès de la juridiction pénale internationale.
C’est là, tout un honneur pour le barreau malien et surtout une récompense pour Me Brahima Koné qui, malgré son jeune âge, a aujourd’hui derrière lui 19 ans de barreau et 18 ans dans le domaine du militantisme.
Il a déjà plaidé dans de grands dossiers : les génocidaires du Rwanda avec Avocats sans frontières ; l’opposant guinéen Alpha Condé ; l’ancien Président mauritanien Mohamed Khouna Ould Haïdala ; des putschistes mauritaniens.
Il a participé au montage du dossier contre l’ancien Président du Liberia, Charles Taylor et le chef rebelle Sierra Léonais Fodé Sankho.
Me Koné a également enquêté sur le dossier de Norbert Zongo pour le compte de la FIDH et a surtout travaillé dans le dossier de l’affaire de Lokerbie qui a, à un moment, opposé les pays occidentaux à la Libye.
C’est donc un avocat rompu aux arcanes de la juridiction pénale internationale qui sera aux côtés des victimes devant la Cour pénale internationale.

DRC is heading towards lasting peace

2006-04-20 SOURCE: Guardian By Correspondent Russell Southwood

Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) is finally heading towards a lasting peace. There will be more upsets and diversions but steady progress is being made towards some form of normalisation.

DRC has been unusual in that without a telco incumbent and in the absence of a national regulatory writ, innovation (particularly with wireless) has flourished in ways not seen in countries with more settled regulatory regimes.

Will this spirit be lost as some form of national Government is put in place after the elections? Correspondent Russell Southwood comments.

In spite of the civil war, DRC’s Internet and telecoms infrastructure has developed in ways that reflect the geographic and political constraints it faced.

The take-up of mobile phones and wireless access to the Internet (including Wi-MAX) are two innovations which seem to have transcended the fractured nature of this massive country’s political control and the accompanying instability. Since 1990, 80 of the country’s largest towns and cities have had mobile coverage.

The civil war saw the collapse of the incumbent telco OPCT and there was until relatively recently no regulatory agency in place.

The absence of both these features has allowed a rapid development of certain types of infrastructure despite the enormous obstacles the country faced.

The economic opportunities have been so great that companies have taken a level of risk they might not have engaged with elsewhere. A mobile operator affiliated with MTN in Rwanda has provided services in Goma.

Existing DRC operators have (despite continuing complaints) covered a significant part of the neighbouring Central African Republic with their signal. Celtel has connected the capitals of the two Congos (Brazaville and Kinshasa) with a relatively cheap mobile connection. VoIP has been licensed to provide payphone services via satellite.

In this same spirit, the country’s regulator ARPTC announced that it would be undertaking initial studies that would set a price on the issuing of a licence for 3G licences.

At first sight the idea of a 3G licence in a country as undeveloped as DRC looks like a strategy to offer caviar as part of a food security programme. But that may be to miss the point of 3G in an African context.

It’s usually sold as a way to deliver data and mobile content and indeed there’s no reason why it should not offer all of those things.

But in a rapidly growing market, it offers much greater capacity and this would make most sense in the DRC context.

Indeed APTC’s President Professor Mutombo Kyamakosa said at the launch of the 3G licence consultation that it was the regulator’s intention it was the regulator’s intention to ’’regulate ⭯ecompetition in the sector in order to give everybody the benefit of an infrastructure at the least cost.’’

The country has 11 provinces (Bandundu, Bas-Congo, Equateur, Kasaﭏccidental, Kasaﭏriental, Katanga, Kinshasa, Maniema, Nord-Kivu, Orientale and Sud-Kivu ) and most of these provinces are - even by African standards - the size of small countries.

Many have cities and towns with large populations that are not yet connected by paved roads and do not have a proper electricity supply but most are connected in some way to voice and data services.

But with reconstruction, expansion of these currently marginal markets should bring voice operators new rewards.

The absence of a telco incumbent has meant none of those progress-freezing arguments about the end of its monopoly and its ability to control almost everything through its control of the backbone infrastructure.

The former incumbent OCPT was shattered by the civil war and has only a few thousand lines operational in Kinshasa. It has a large workforce but there has not been much appetite for restructuring.

As a result, potential investment partners come and go. A South Korean company announced a few years back that it would use a joint venture to roll out new infrastructure and services.

The joint venture disappeared without trace. More recently South Africa’s Telkom made noises about possibly buying it but clearly on closer acquaintance decided it was not such a good idea.

So it was something of a surprise when it announced last week that it had got operational again parts of its network in Kinshasa and that certain Ministries now had a fixed phone service back again.

Indeed an unnamed source within OPCT (quoted by Le Potentiel) was inviting former individual and corporate subscribers to re-subscribe to the service as its network was both operational and a feasible option.

It also claimed that it had obtained numbers from the regulator ARPTC sufficient for subscribers within the capital Kinshasa.

Sceptics are probably justified in asking whether this development will spread anywhere beyond the capital and whether the much needed staff restructuring will be undertaken. But as with everything, you have to start somewhere.

Meanwhile 22 employees of the provincial arm of Postes, t鬩communications (Ptt) in South Kivu province received training in the management of wireless frequency and revenue collection in a three-day course in the province’s capital Bukavu.

During the three days, these employees were told about the importance of communications in the context of liberalisation and how the monopoly of the former incumbent OPCT no longer existed.

With some kind of peace in place, it will be interesting to see whether the previous de-facto approach to innovation will continue or whether there will be a return to the more traditional African pattern of constraint on competition and innovation by vested interests.

Also, it will be interesting to see if and how central government (and its regulator) seeks to impose its legislative responsibilities upon this huge country.

In the meantime, the Governor of Kinshasa and its surrounding province announced on 11 April an ambitious project to connect up 24 ’’communes’’ with an investment of US5 million by an American company called Hologram-Industries.

The purpose of the system is to allow the interconnection of the communes to enable them to exchange financial information with a secure system that provides for sequential numbering.

The system will also all the communes to make ’free’ telephone calls, paying only the cost of the bandwidth. The project will be implemented in three phases: putting the equipment and software in place and the training of users; the implementation of the data collection system (May 2006); and the consolidation and centralisation of the information from the communes by June 2006.

Again cynics may be forgiven for observing that more projects are announced than ever seem to be completed in DRC. But again, a start has to be made somewhere.

The pace of reconstruction in terms of both roads and electricity will play a vital role in the speed of market development and all operators are in the process of discovering the exact extent of the markets that will emerge from the peace.

Parts of DRC are already close to being connected to neighbouring countries (Angola, Zambia) and it forms a key part of the e-Africa Commission’s agreed fibre backbone map that will support the proposed international fibre cable EASSy.

The challenge for the Government is how to put in place a strategy that will allow for greater development of infrastructure without returning to the kind of less dynamic markets found elsewhere on the continent.

AU chief on visit to DR Congo to scale up peace efforts
Date: 19 Apr 2006 Source: Deutsche Presse Agentur (DPA)
Addis Ababa_(dpa) The head of the of the African Union Commission, Alpha Oumar Konare, is currently on a working visit to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to scale up peace efforts in the central African country, the AU disclosed Wednesday.

Konare was to hold talks with President Joseph Kabila and other government officials as well as leaders of various political parties on the political situation in the country and the national elections scheduled for later this year.

He was also scheduled to meet United Nations officials including William Lacy Swing, the special representative of UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in the country, as well as the head of the DRC's Independent Electoral Commission, the CEI.

The CEI recently disclosed that it had registered 31 candidates for the DRC presidential elections, including Kabila, a former army chief of staff who succeeded his father Laurent Kabila as DRC leader after the latter was assassinated by one of his bodyguards in January 2001.

The forthcoming general elections in the DRC are to be the first multi-party elections in the country since attaining independence from the former colonial ruler, Belgium, in 1960. dpa gh ch

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Sécheresse: Oxfam lance le plus gros appel de dons de son histoire
Agence France-Presse / Le mercredi 19 avril 2006

NAIROBI

L'ONG britannique Oxfam a lancé jeudi le plus gros appel de dons de son histoire d'un montant de 29 millions d'euros destinés à des millions de personnes menacées par la sécheresse en Afrique de l'Est, "plus nombreuses" que les victimes du tsunami de 2004, selon un communiqué.
"La gravité de cette crise nécessite une aide à un niveau énorme", relevé la directrice d'Oxfam, Barbara Stocking, dans ce texte publié à Nairobi.
"Cette crise (en Afrique de l'Est) va peut-être attirer moins d'attention que le tsunami (en Asie fin 2004), mais le nombre de personnes qui ont besoin d'aide est plus important", a souligné Mme Stocking.
Cet appel à des dons, atteignant 20 millions de pounds (29 millions d'euros, 35,5 millions de dollars) et adressé au public britannique, est le plus important lancé par l'organisation non gouvernementale depuis sa création il y a 60 ans.
Le Kenya, Djibouti, l'Erythrée, l'Ethiopie et la Somalie sont durement frappés par une grave sécheresse, qui touche aussi dans une moindre mesure le Burundi et la Tanzanie.
Plus de 11 millions de personnes ont besoin d'une aide d'urgence dans ces pays, selon Oxfam.
Au moins 50 personnes sont mortes de faim ou de maladies liées à la faim dans le nord du Kenya depuis décembre, où des dizaines de milliers de têtes de bétail ont également péri.
Plusieurs victimes humaines et animales ont également été rapportées dans le centre et le sud de la Somalie et dans le sud de l'Ethiopie, mais aucun bilan officiel n'est disponible.
Dans certaines régions d'Afrique de l'Est, jusqu'à 70% du bétail a déjà péri, selon Oxfam.
"Cet appel n'est pas destiné à être juste un sparadrap", a souligné Mme Stocking dans le communiqué. "Nous voulons aider la population de la région à se rétablir et à être dans une meilleure position pour faire face à la prochaine crise", a-t-elle ajouté.

La BAD efface 8,5 milliards de dollars de dette pour treize pays africains
AFP / 20/04/2006

TUNIS - La Banque africaine de développement (BAD) a annoncé l'annulation de la dette de treize pays africains pour un montant total de 8,54 milliards de dollars US, dans un communiqué publié jeudi à Tunis.

Cette décision prise au titre de l'"Initiative d'allégement de la dette multilatérale" profitera au Bénin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopie, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Sénégal, Tanzanie, Ouganda et Zambie, a indiqué la BAD.
La mesure approuvée par le Conseil d'administration de la BAD réuni à Tunis, siège temporaire du Groupe, est "une avancée significative dans la mise en oeuvre des initiatives entreprises par les pays donateurs du G8 et d'autres non membres" de ce groupe sur la question de la dette, a ajouté le communiqué.
L'annulation de leurs créances devrait aider les pays bénéficiaires à accroître les dépenses pour faire reculer la pauvreté, promouvoir la croissance économique et honorer leurs engagements pour la pousuite de réformes, a indiqué la BAD.
L'institution financière juge "essentiel" pour les gouvernements de ces pays de promouvoir la bonne gouvernance et l'utilisation responsable et transparente des ressources, et de s'engager "sans équivoque" dans la lutte contre la corruption et les abus.
Le Groupe de la BAD est une des cinq principales banques multilatérales de développement au monde et a pour mission de mobiliser des ressources afin de financer le développement économique et le progrès social en Afrique.

AU Official: Congo Leadership Must Solve Problems
By David Lewis Kinshasa 19 April 2006

A top official of the African Union (AU) has given a blunt message to the leaders of the Democratic Republic of Congo, they must solve their own problems.

AU Commission Chairman Alpha Konare says more concerted efforts by the Congolese political class are crucial to resolving Congo's problems. Konare said these efforts must culminate in elections to put an end to the culture of seizing power by force in Congo

Rounding out two days of talks in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chairman Konare had a simple message.

While the international community could assist with money and advice, and African solidarity goes a long way, he said the responsibility of rebuilding and bringing democracy to Congo lies with the Congolese.

A desire to resolve problems through dialogue rather than warfare must prevail, the former Malian president told reporters. Konare's comments come as dates for Congo's elections, which are meant to draw a line under years of fighting, continue to slip.

Congo has endured two wars during the past decade, the last, which lasted from 1998 to 2003, sucked in six neighboring countries and killed four million people. Under the peace deal that ended the fighting, elections were supposed to take place last year.

But fighting in the eastern part of the country, wrangling in the capital, and logistical challenges made that impossible and a new date was set, June 18 of this year. Each step of the electoral process is taking longer than expected and June elections have been ruled out and no further date has been set.

Meanwhile, candidates for office keep appearing. As of now, Congo has 33 presidential hopefuls and nearly 10,000 people have signed up to run for 500 parliamentary seats.

The vote will be the first free and fair election in more than 40 years in Congo. But it is being threatened with a boycott by Etienne Tshisekedi, the head of the popular veteran opposition UDPS party. There are fears that a UDPS boycott would lead to violence and voting not taking place freely in parts of the vast mineral-rich country.

But after talks with Tshisekedi, Konare said the opposition leader had played a significant role in fighting for democracy, and the AU leader said he is confident that he will be part of the process.

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HCR : le nombre de réfugiés dans le monde à son plus bas niveau depuis 25 ans

UNHCR / 19 Apr 2006

Alors que le nombre de réfugiés dans le monde est tombé à son plus bas niveau depuis 25 ans - 9,2 millions -, l'agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés s'inquiète, dans un rapport publié aujourd'hui à Londres, de la hausse du nombre de déplacés 'internes' - 25 millions -, nouveau défi pour la communauté internationale.
Intitulé « Les réfugiés dans le monde : les déplacements humains au nouveau millénaire », le rapport du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés (HCR) souligne la nouvelle dynamique internationale des déplacements de populations et les nouveaux défis qui attendent la communauté internationale.
Dans un communiqué publié également à Londres, le HCR met en garde contre « la situation désespérée de dizaines de millions de déplacés 'internes', la confusion très répandue entre migrants et réfugiés et l'intolérance grandissante face aux demandeurs d'asile ».
Si la baisse des conflits entre les Etats a entraîné une diminution du nombre de personnes franchissant les frontières entre pays, la hausse des guerres civiles a conduit à une augmentation du nombre de personnes déplacées à l'intérieur de leur propre pays, a souligné Antonio Guterres, Haut Commissaire aux réfugiés, dans la préface du rapport.
Le nouveau rôle de l'agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés qui a décidé d'étendre son action aux déplacés 'internes' est donc « crucial », a-t-il fait observer.
« Les personnes qui avant cherchaient la sécurité dans les pays voisins sont maintenant contraintes de rester dans leur propre pays, dans des conditions semblables à celles des réfugiés », a dénoncé Antonio Guterres qui estime que les déplacements 'interne' de population est « le plus grand échec » de la communauté internationale dans le domaine de l'action humanitaire.
La forte baisse du nombre global de réfugiés s'explique par le retour au pays de millions de réfugiés afghans -- 4 millions - et de centaines de milliers de réfugiés en Angola, au Sierra Leone, au Burundi et au Libéria.
Les conflits en cours en République démocratique du Congo et au Soudan expliquent en partie la forte hausse du nombre de déplacés 'internes' - 7,5 millions pour les deux pays.

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